Eco-logical

Plastic is a material with multiple possibilities, which is used in a wide range of applications. PLA (polylactic acid) is one of the sustainable options that the thermoplastics sector uses to tackle the environmental issues caused by plastic. Polymers are essential in our daily lives, and a significant amount of industry revolves around them. We can find plastic materials in our clothing, household items, packaging, agriculture, and more.

What is PLA plastic material?

This serious environmental issue has prompted our society to seek a new model of production and consumption that is more responsible towards the planet. Among other factors, waste generation has been one of the causes that has led us to confront the problems of climate change today.

In response to this situation, alternative materials to conventional plastic have emerged, which can play a crucial role in the transition to a circular economy.

PLA is one of the environmentally responsible alternatives that the thermoplastics sector uses to address environmental issues.

This material is named after its main component, polylactic acid. This thermoplastic polymer is derived from the fermentation of plants such as corn, cassava, or sugarcane, among others.

Furthermore, PLA plastic is a polyester and is composed of units of lactic acid. This acid is soluble in ether, syrupy, and colorless.

How is PLA obtained?

PLA plastic is produced through the polymerization of lactic acid, which can be obtained through anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates or chemical synthesis.

The obtaining of this acid takes place in two consecutive stages:

  • Synthesis of lactic acid
  • Polymerization

Primarily, commercial lactic acid is derived from the fermentation of sugars by bacteria. This therefore means that the first step for carbohydrate fermentation is the extraction of sugars (glucose, lactose, and maltose) or starches produced by maize, sugar beet, and potatoes through a milling process.

Characteristics of PLA plastic

Renewable source material

As mentioned earlier, polylactic acid is derived from renewable sources such as sugarcane or corn. Therefore, it is a bio-based material since the carbon atoms in its molecular chains come from plant sources. Commonly, when this is the case, we say that the material has a 'bio' origin.

Compostable material

PLA plastic is a compostable material, which means it biodegrades under composting conditions, turning into compost, CO2, and water without leaving microplastic residues or heavy metals.

Packaging made from PLA plastic must biodegrade at a minimum of 90% during the first 6 months, and there should be no fragments larger than 2 mm after the first twelve weeks during the disintegration process.

Source: Prime Biopolymers.